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Cocaine and
Physical Addiction
According to some research scientists, cocaine is also physically addictive. Physical addiction occurs when an individual needs drugs in order for their body to function normally.
What complicates the entire issue, however, is that according to the vast majority of users, the only way to avoid the withdrawal symptoms is to take more cocaine. While this “quick fix” may appear to be promising in the beginning, increased tolerance and dangerous life choices usually follow repeated cocaine use. Indeed, cocaine addicts have been known to go to great lengths to get and take cocaine in spite of the fact that it hurts their job or school performance and typically disrupts or destroys their most significant relationships.
The Brain and Cocaine Addiction
In fact, unlike the physical addiction and the corresponding strong withdrawal symptoms experienced by heroin or alcohol addicts when they stop using their respective drug, the physical addiction to cocaine essentially takes place in the brain. With repeated use, the brain becomes addicted to cocaine.
To understand why discontinuing cocaine use leads to agitation and other unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, it is necessary to briefly discuss the relationship between dopamine and cocaine. Dopamine is one of the brain’s natural “pleasure” neurochemicals. Cocaine abuse interferes with the re-absorption of dopamine, thus leading to a surplus of dopamine in the brain. Since, however, the overall synthesis of this dopamine by the neurons is reduced by cocaine use, the cocaine abuser experiences depression, fatigue, and altered moods because of lowered levels of "usable" dopamine in the brain. sentially, this dopamine shortage results in feelings of agitation and anxiety and makes a person feel miserable. The “solution,” all too frequently, is to simply take more cocaine. It is this vicious cycle that can escalate and lead to out-of-control behavior that can and does result in severe mental and physical health problems and possibly in death.
Cocaine Withdrawal SymptomsWhen cocaine use is suddenly stopped, a “crash” follows almost instantaneously that is characterized by an intense craving for more cocaine. Although cocaine withdrawal does not typically have visible physical symptoms like “the shakes” and vomiting that are common with heroin or alcohol withdrawal, the level of depression, lack of pleasure, and craving caused by cocaine withdrawal equals or surpasses what is experienced with most other withdrawal symptoms.
The good news is that cocaine withdrawal symptoms can disappear completely over time. The bad news, however, is twofold. First, if the abuse has been chronic, various symptoms such as depression and craving can actually last for months. And second, the research literature points out that many people who experience cocaine withdrawal frequently try to self-medicate themselves with anti anxiety medications (such as valium), sedatives, alcohol, or hypnotics. Obviously, self-medication is ill advised mainly because each “new” addiction results in a shift from one substance to another. Moreover, since at least 50% of the individuals who are addicted to cocaine have a co-existing mental disorders such as attention-deficit disorder or depression, these latter conditions must be addressed and treated along with the person's cocaine addiction.
Common Cocaine Withdrawal SymptomsThe following represents a list of common cocaine withdrawal symptoms:
Cocaine DetoxCocaine detox involves stopping the use of cocaine and eliminating the cocaine that remains in the addict's system. As soon, however, as cocaine use is discontinued, the addict experiences withdrawal symptoms. The start of the cocaine withdrawal process, however is typically the most difficult part of withdrawal due to the fact that the addict's body and brain craves more cocaine. Indeed, it is this intense craving for more cocaine that frequently leads to relapse. Cocaine detox is typically undertaken in residential treatment and uses medications, vitamin supplements, nutritional monitoring, and counseling. It is critical to monitor the addict's vital functions due to the fact that cocaine abuse can result in severely damaged internal organs, especially the heart. Individuals who receive cocaine detox are usually evaluated for physical symptoms and organ damage and can be administered various medications if necessary.
Cocaine Detox: ConclusionCocaine is a highly addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Due to the fact that cocaine elicits a sense of instant energy, euphoria, and intense joy, addiction can occur quite rapidly and can be exceptionally difficult to overcome. When people who are addicted to cocaine abruptly stop taking the substance, an almost immediate “crash” takes place. This sudden let down is typified by an extreme craving for more cocaine. If the person refuses to give in to this craving, he or she will experience a number of cocaine withdrawal symptoms that are signals by the brain that it is trying to adjust to the drug to which it had become acclimated. Due to the fact that cocaine addiction is exceptionally complex, immediate treatment is imperative if recovery is possible. Like any quality treatment protocol, cocaine treatment approaches need to assess the social, pharmacological, and psychological factors of the patient's drug abuse.
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